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	<title>electric counterpoint &#187; Language</title>
	<atom:link href="http://danray.org/category/non-professional/language/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://danray.org</link>
	<description>dan ray lives here</description>
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		<title>And but so English</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2009/12/08/and-but-so-english/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2009/12/08/and-but-so-english/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Dec 2009 22:26:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Asides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://danray.org/2009/12/08/and-but-so-english/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is good. David Foster Wallace, writing for Harper&#8217;s in 2001, covers the Usage Wars and standard written English, in (of course) his own idiolect (which idiolect1 (q.v. Infinite Jest) makes the hard parts go down easier). Wallace was a walking liberal arts education. 1&#160;I thought including a footnote to illustrate DFW&#8217;s writing style would [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://instruct.westvalley.edu/lafave/DFW_present_tense.html">This is good</a>. David Foster Wallace, writing for <em>Harper&#8217;s</em> in 2001, covers the Usage Wars and standard written English, in (of course) his own idiolect (which idiolect<sup><a href="http://danray.org/2009/12/08/and-but-so-english/">1</a></sup> (<em>q.v.</em> <em>Infinite Jest</em>) makes the hard parts go down easier). Wallace was a walking liberal arts education.</p>
<p><span id="more-693"></span></p>
<hr />
<p><sup id="dfw1">1</sup>&nbsp;I thought including a footnote to illustrate DFW&#8217;s writing style would cross the border into parody, but I couldn&#8217;t help it when I discovered, upon checking to make sure &#8220;idiolect&#8221; really meant what I thought it did, that one of <a href="http://www.wordnik.com/words/idiolect">Wordnik&#8217;s usage examples</a> is a reference to DFW&#8217;s own.</p>
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		<title>Today&#8217;s new word: &#8220;amateur epistemologist&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2008/10/28/todays-new-word-amateur-epistemologist/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2008/10/28/todays-new-word-amateur-epistemologist/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Oct 2008 06:02:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Asides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://danray.org/?p=479</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[a·ma·teur e·pis·te·mol·o·gist &#124;ˈamətər iˌpistəˈmäləjist&#124; noun One who frequently uses that inescapable phrase, &#8220;I know, right?&#8220;]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>a·ma·teur e·pis·te·mol·o·gist</strong> |ˈamətər iˌpistəˈmäləjist|<br />
<span style="font-size:90%">noun</span> One who frequently uses that inescapable phrase, &#8220;<a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=i+know%2C+right%3F">I know, right?</a>&#8220;</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Origin of the smiley</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2007/09/21/origin-of-the-smiley/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2007/09/21/origin-of-the-smiley/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Sep 2007 05:12:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Asides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tech]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://danray.org/2007/09/21/origin-of-the-smiley/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Huh. Seems that either Nabokov or Bierce could lay a claim as the originator of the emoticon.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Huh. Seems that either <a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/004935.html">Nabokov or Bierce</a> could lay a claim as the originator of the emoticon.</p>
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		<title>Correlation of name to freedom</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2007/08/12/correlation-of-name-to-freedom/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2007/08/12/correlation-of-name-to-freedom/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Aug 2007 03:51:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Asides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The world]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://danray.org/2007/08/12/correlation-of-name-to-freedom/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#34;People&#34; bad; &#34;Commonwealth&#34; good? Social Science++ finds the correlations between word components of a state&#8217;s name and its political rights index. Interestingly, non-&#34;Republics&#34; are slightly freer overall than so-called &#34;Republics.&#34; (Hat tip to Language Log)]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&quot;People&quot; bad; &quot;Commonwealth&quot; good? Social Science++ <a href="http://socialscienceplusplus.blogspot.com/2007/08/its-all-in-name-kingdom-of-norway-vs.html">finds the correlations</a> between word components of a state&#8217;s name and its political rights index. Interestingly, non-&quot;Republics&quot; are slightly freer overall than so-called &quot;Republics.&quot; (Hat tip to <a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/004822.html">Language Log</a>)</p>
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		<title>Four-letter words</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2007/06/19/four-letter-words/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2007/06/19/four-letter-words/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Jun 2007 17:19:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Asides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danray.org/wordpress/2007/06/19/four-letter-words/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On Language Log, George Starbuck&#8217;s &#8220;Verses to Exhaust My Stock of Four-Letter Words.&#8221; It&#8217;s not what you might expect.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On <a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/">Language Log</a>, George Starbuck&#8217;s &#8220;<a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/004617.html">Verses to Exhaust My Stock of Four-Letter Words</a>.&#8221; It&#8217;s not what you might expect.</p>
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		<title>Ic-k</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2007/01/31/ic-k/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2007/01/31/ic-k/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 2007 05:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danray.org/wordpress/2007/01/31/ic-k/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[One of life&#8217;s simple pleasures is learning. One of my own favorite pastimes is coming to understand an interesting fact or two from a field in which I have no trained experience at all. So I enjoyed reading Roger Shuy&#8217;s post, &#8220;-ic,&#8221; on Language Log this evening. Professor Shuy, a linguistics researcher, here takes up [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One of life&#8217;s  simple pleasures is  learning.  One  of my own favorite pastimes is coming to understand an interesting fact or two from a field in which I have no trained experience at all. So I enjoyed reading Roger Shuy&#8217;s post, &#8220;<a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/%7Emyl/languagelog/archives/004120.html">-ic</a>,&#8221; on <a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/%7Emyl/languagelog/">Language Log</a> this evening.</p>
<p>Professor Shuy, a linguistics researcher, here takes up President Bush&#8217;s much-noticed slip during his State of the Union address, referring to to the Democrats as the &#8220;Democrat Party.&#8221; Nearly anyone who follows American politics recognizes the pejorative connotation that term carries in political debate, so many in the media were caught off-guard that the President would squeeze such a jibe into such a major speech.</p>
<p>As a fairly passive observer of Washington&#8217;s daily grind, I wasn&#8217;t surprised to see that Bush tried to wiggle his way out of questions about his word choice Monday on NPR. &#8220;I&#8217;m not that good at pronouncing words anyway,&#8221; the president demurred. Well, he&#8217;s got me there, I thought. I pretty much expected that would be the end of it.</p>
<p>Of course, that&#8217;s only because I am not a crafty linguist. Roger Shuys, on the other hand, would have none of Bush&#8217;s <a href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/%7Emyl/languagelog/archives/003312.html">linguification</a>. He took the president at his word, and looked at other instances of the &#8220;-ic&#8221; phoneme in his address.</p>
<blockquote><p>economic reformpublic schools</p>
<p>basic private health insurance plan</p>
<p>basic health care insurance</p>
<p>domestic oil production</p>
<p>Strategic Petroleum Research</p>
<p>Atlantic Ocean</p>
<p>public servants</p>
<p>horrific scale</p>
<p>democratic legislature (of Afghanistan)</p>
<p>democratic constitution (of Afghanistan)</p>
<p>tragic escalation</p>
<p>democratic Iraq</p>
<p>diplomatic strategy</p>
<p>democratic Palestine</p></blockquote>
<p>Each one pronounced as good as a Connecticut yankee, of course. After running the same test on Bush&#8217;s speech patterns in an earlier year, Shuy pokes a conclusive hole in the president&#8217;s excuse.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll add another favorite experience to my earlier statement: I love seeing (and I use Harry Frankfurt&#8217;s <a href="http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7929.html">exacting definition</a> here) bullshit called for bullshit. It&#8217;s even more heartening to see a tight argument constructed that throws that bullshit out the window. If the whole thing is written so well that I can find it after a ten-hour day and unwind while reading it, well, that&#8217;s a feat. If only the world had a few more champion callers-out like Roger Shuy, I might have a lot more good reads.</p>
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		<title>&quot;Bus plunge&quot; stories and my thesis</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2006/11/15/bus-plunge-stories-and-my-thesis/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2006/11/15/bus-plunge-stories-and-my-thesis/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Nov 2006 01:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The world]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University of Michigan]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danray.org/wordpress/2006/11/15/bus-plunge-stories-and-my-thesis/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Slate has a fascinating article on the rise and fall of the &#8220;bus plunge&#8221; genre in the New York Times. Y&#8217;know: Bus Plunge Kills 37 Sikhs NEW DELHI, Sept. 18 (Reuters)—At least 37 Sikh pilgrims were killed when a passenger bus fell into a ravine at the foot of the Himalayas, it was reported today. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Slate has <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2152895/nav/tap1/">a fascinating article</a> on the rise and fall of the &#8220;bus plunge&#8221; genre in the  <span style="font-style: italic">New York Times</span>. Y&#8217;know:</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="font-weight: bold">Bus Plunge Kills 37 Sikhs<br />
</span><br />
NEW DELHI, Sept. 18 (Reuters)—At least 37 Sikh pilgrims were killed when a passenger bus fell into a ravine at the foot of the Himalayas, it was reported today.</p></blockquote>
<p>The story, centering on bus plunge and other &#8220;stock&#8221; stories&#8217; role in plugging gaps in the physical newshole, tickled my abiding interest in typography. I had to do a double-take, though, when I read this passage:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Solving layout problems with shorts meant newspapers often ran pieces because they fit, not because they burst with &#8216;news value.&#8217; How random was the selection of <span style="font-style: italic">Times</span> shorts? The page from March 6, 1959, featuring the &#8217;15 Africans Die in Bus Plunge&#8217; story quoted above also harbored six other [filler stories]: &#8216;Queen Sets African Visit,&#8217; &#8216;Bourguiba Renamed Head,&#8217; &#8216;Inquiry Costs Top 4 Million,&#8217; &#8216;Buenos Aires Port Struck,&#8217; &#8216;Greece Jails Former Nazi,&#8217; and &#8216;Jakarta Accepts Soviet Aid.&#8217; How many of those stories ran because they were news, and how many ran because makeup editors were working on a jigsaw puzzle against a deadline?&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>If you&#8217;ve met me in real life, or you&#8217;ve been reading my blog for <a href="http://electriccounterpoint.blogspot.com/search?q=thesis">a little while</a>, you&#8217;ll know that I&#8217;m working on my senior honors thesis, explaining why informal international agreements are sometimes legalized into formal treaties. I want to be quantitative about this, so I&#8217;m coding a sample of these informal agreements as the first step in the analysis. Since it&#8217;s hard to track down a representative group of all informal international bargains, I&#8217;m using a database.</p>
<p>This database is populated by stories about international agreements from the <span style="font-style: italic">Times</span>. Stories like &#8220;Jakarta Accepts Soviet Aid,&#8221; for instance.</p>
<p>I guess it&#8217;s not too late to include a proviso that the realities of the newspaper business prevent my sample from being truly representative, but these are the kinds of things I&#8217;m just not thinking about. I&#8217;ll be sure to show this to my thesis advisor, to say the least.</p>
<p>At any rate, the Slate story is a very good read. And it probably won&#8217;t screw up <span style="font-style: italic">your</span> last two months of work.</p>
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		<title>&quot;Michigan Action Party&quot;</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2006/10/09/michigan-action-party/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2006/10/09/michigan-action-party/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Oct 2006 19:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University of Michigan]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danray.org/wordpress/2006/10/09/michigan-action-party/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Anyone see the bright pink flyers today, advertising the &#8220;Michigan Action Party?&#8221; From their Maize Pages entry: The Michigan Action Party is dedicated to effectuating positive change at the University of Michigan. As a student government party, we do this primarily through our candidates and members who serve on MSA and the LSA student government. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Anyone see the bright pink flyers today, advertising the &#8220;Michigan Action Party?&#8221; From their <a href="http://uuis.umich.edu/maizepgs/view.cfm?orgID=10005013">Maize Pages entry</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>The Michigan Action Party is dedicated to <span style="font-style: italic">effectuating</span> positive change at the University of Michigan. As a student government party, we do this primarily through our candidates and members who serve on MSA and the LSA student government. We are committed to improving life on our campus and invite anyone and everyone to join us. [<span style="font-style: italic">emphasis mine</span>]</p></blockquote>
<p>Between that and <a href="http://timhull.blogspot.com/2006/10/msas-election-code-fiasco.html">this</a>, it&#8217;s gonna be a long election season&#8230;</p>
<p>Seriously, though, this is pretty much what I&#8217;d expected, (though I hoped they&#8217;d choose a snappier name). With Students 4 Michigan&#8217;s collapse and subsequent dissolution, the Michigan Action Party is on the scene just in time to serve as the vechicle for Zach Yost&#8217;s grab at the MSA presidency. Let&#8217;s see <a href="http://directory.umich.edu/ldapweb-bin/url?ldap:///cn=MichiganAction,ou=User%20Groups,ou=Groups,dc=umich,dc=edu&amp;dnexpand=true">who&#8217;s in the group</a>. Surprise! I give Ken Baker even odds for setting aside his <a href="http://www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2006/02/24/Opinion/Letters.To.The.Editor-1636659.shtml?norewrite200610092152&amp;sourcedomain=www.michigandaily.com">convictions</a> and joining up as vice president.</p>
<p>Really, though: best wishes to Zach &amp; Co.. Happy effectuating!</p>
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		<title>An official language?</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2006/09/23/an-official-language/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2006/09/23/an-official-language/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 23 Sep 2006 20:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danray.org/wordpress/2006/09/23/an-official-language/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I took a brief, electronic trip home just now, as I made preparations to vote by absentee ballot this November. On Shiawassee County&#8217;s page for that sort of thing, below the basic information on eligibility and everything, was this little urban legend: &#8220;HOW IMPORTANT IS ONE VOTE?In 1776, one vote made English the official language [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I took a brief, electronic trip home just now, as I made preparations to vote by absentee ballot this November. On Shiawassee County&#8217;s <a href="http://www.shiawassee.net/election_information.htm">page for that sort of thing</a>, below the basic information on eligibility and everything, was this little <a href="http://www.snopes.com/history/govern/onevote.htm">urban legend</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;HOW IMPORTANT IS ONE VOTE?In 1776, one vote made English the official language in America instead of German.</p>
<p>In 1845, one vote brought Texas into the union.</p>
<p>In 1868, one vote saved President Andrew Johnson from impeachment.</p>
<p>In 1876, one vote gave Rutherford B. Hayes the Presidency of the United States.</p>
<p>In 1933, one vote gave Adolph Hitler leadership of the Nazi Party.</p>
<p>In 1941, one vote saved Selective Service – just weeks before Pearl Harbor was attacked.</p>
<p>YOUR VOTE IS YOUR VOICE!&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>I&#8217;ll grant that Snopes, linked above, has done way more research on this issue than I have, and (as usual) their page makes for a fascinating read. I&#8217;ll just add that I&#8217;m not totally comfortable with a government source indicating that the government has an official language. Y&#8217;know?</p>
<p>We&#8217;re not a presumptuous group in Shiawassee County; I&#8217;m certain whoever put it up was simply misled. But when the first page of Google results is <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=german+language+one+vote&amp;start=0&amp;ie=utf-8&amp;oe=utf-8&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official">full</a> of hits debunking the claim, is there really any excuse for reprinting this silly canard?</p>
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		<title>Weekend reading: Lakoff on progressive morality and framing</title>
		<link>http://danray.org/2006/08/27/weekend-reading-lakoff-on-progressive-morality-and-framing/</link>
		<comments>http://danray.org/2006/08/27/weekend-reading-lakoff-on-progressive-morality-and-framing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Aug 2006 00:03:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danray.org/wordpress/2006/08/27/weekend-reading-lakoff-on-progressive-morality-and-framing/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[An oldie but a beautifully written article from an author who always energizes me. George Lakoff, author of Don&#8217;t Think of an Elephant, wrote a piece in 2003 for the American Prospect summarizing his &#8220;Strict Father/Nurturant Parent&#8221; model of conservative and liberal conceptions of morality. These, he finds, are inextricably tied to the words conservatives [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An oldie but a beautifully written article from an author who always energizes me. George Lakoff, author of <span style="font-style: italic"><a href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/56324576&amp;referer=brief_results">Don&#8217;t Think of an Elephant</a></span>, wrote a piece in 2003 for the <span style="font-style: italic">American Prospect</span> summarizing his &#8220;Strict Father/Nurturant Parent&#8221; model of conservative and liberal conceptions of morality. These, he finds, are inextricably tied to the words conservatives and liberals use to discuss the issues. Of course, for the last forty years, conservatives have been focus-grouping their terminology into a cohesive whole. Individual terms in the Republican&#8217;s <span style="font-style: italic">gesamtvokabular </span>spring easily to mind: &#8220;partial birth abortion,&#8221; &#8220;death tax,&#8221; and Lakoff&#8217;s favorite:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;On the day that George W. Bush took office, the words &#8220;tax relief&#8221; started appearing in White House communiqués. Think for a minute about the word <em>relief</em>. In order for there to be relief, there has to be a blameless, afflicted person with whom we identify and whose affliction has been imposed by some external cause. Relief is the taking away of the pain or harm, thanks to some reliever.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.prospect.org/print/V14/8/lakoff-g.html">&#8220;Framing the Dems&#8221;</a></p>
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